Section 156Penalty notices: restrictions

(1) The [^F1Commission] may not give a controller or processor a penalty notice in reliance on section 149(2) with respect to the processing of personal data for the special purposes unless—

• (a)
  a determination under section 174 with respect to the data or the processing has taken effect, and
• (b)
  a court has granted leave for the notice to be given.

(2) A court must not grant leave for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) unless it is satisfied that—

• (a)
  the [^F2Commission] has reason to suspect a failure described in section 149(2) which is of substantial public importance, and
• (b)
  the controller or processor has been given notice of the application for leave in accordance with rules of court or the case is urgent.

(3) The [^F3Commission] may not give a controller or processor a penalty notice with respect to the processing of personal data where the purposes and manner of the processing are determined by or on behalf of either House of Parliament.

(4) The [^F3Commission] may not give a penalty notice to—

• (a)
  the Crown Estate Commissioners, or
• (b)
  a person who is a controller by virtue of section 209(4) (controller for the Royal Household etc).

(5) In the case of a joint controller in respect of the processing of personal data to which Part 3 or 4 applies whose responsibilities for compliance with that Part are determined in an arrangement under section 58 or 104, the [^F3Commission] may only give the controller a penalty notice in reliance on section 149(2) if the controller is responsible for compliance with the provision, requirement or principle in question.